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According to the modern Russian ''Criminal Code'', only intentional killing of another human considered as a murder (Russian ''убийство''). The following types of murder are defined: * Murder per se (article 105 of ''Criminal Code''): * * common corpus delicti (with no aggravating circumstances listed below). Punished with a sentence between 6 and 15 years * * qualified corpus delicti. Punished with a sentence between 8 and 20 years, life sentence, or death penalty. Aggravating circumstances: :a) against two or more persons; :b) against person on public duty or their relatives; :c) killing of hostage, kidnapped or helpless person; :d) killing of pregnant; :e) committed in a cruel way; :f) committed in a socially dangerous way; :g) motivated by a blood feud (vendetta); :h) committed by a group of persons, a group of persons under a preliminary conspiracy, or an organized group; :i) for a profit, including contract killing, or connected with a robbery, extort or banditry; :j) with a rowdy motive; :k) to cover or secure another crime, :l) connected with a rape or sexual assault; :m) hate crime; :n) with the view to use organs or tissues of victim. * Privileged types of murder: * * Of newborn child by mother (article 106 of ''Criminal Code''), punished with a sentence up to 5 years. * * In affect state (art. 107), up to 3 years (up to 5 years for multiple killing). * * Exceeding reasonable level of self-defense (art. 108), up to 2 years. There are some other articles of criminal code, that provide special punishment for crimes connected with intentional kills: * seizure of hostages; * terrorism; * sabotage; - punished with a sentence between 15 and 20 years, or life. * genocide; * encroachment on person on public or government duty; * encroachment on law officer or soldier; * encroachment on person administering justice or engaged in a preliminary investigation. - punished with a sentence between 12 and 20 years, life sentence, or death penalty. Separately considered actions that cause unpremeditated death of another person: * accident killing (art. 108, punished with a limitation of freedom or imprisonment up to 5 years - depends on circumstances); * death in a traffic accident (art. 263-264, punished with an imprisonment up to 9 years if aggravating circumstances such as alcohol or drugs intoxication or multiply victims exist, also provided disqualification from driving) Assault that has no purpose to kill, but causes a death of victim, formally is not considered as a murder, but punishment for it almost not distinguished from common murder (art. 111 part 4 provides punishment with a sentence between 5 and 15 years, so only lower limit of punishment slightly easier). Article 110 of the criminal code also provides punishment for driving a person to suicide (by blackmail, threats or cruelty). Murder (or its qualified types listed above) is only reason for the death penalty in modern Russia. From 2 February 1999 till 1 January 2010 a moratorium on the death penalty is in effect, with life sentence used instead. ==References== http://legislationline.org/documents/section/criminal-codes/country/7/ 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Murder (Russian law)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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